Pa Misa Ikupita Patsogolo

 

…Mpingo uliwonse uyenera kukhala wogwirizana ndi mpingo wapadziko lonse lapansi
osati ponena za chiphunzitso cha chikhulupiriro ndi zizindikiro za sakaramenti,
komanso zogwiritsidwa ntchito ponseponse kuchokera ku miyambo ya utumwi ndi yosasweka. 
Izi ziyenera kuwonedwa osati kuti zolakwika zipewedwe,
komanso kuti chikhulupiriro chikaperekedwe mu ungwiro wake;
popeza lamulo la Mpingo la pemphero (lex orandi) zimagwirizana
ku ulamuliro wake wa chikhulupiriro (lex credendi).
—General Instruction of the Roman Misale, 3rd ed., 2002, 397

 

IT zitha kuwoneka ngati zodabwitsa kuti ndikulemba zavuto lomwe lidachitika pa Misa yachilatini. Chifukwa chake ndikuti sindinapiteko ku mapemphero a Tridentine m'moyo wanga.^[1]Ndinapitako ku ukwati wa miyambo ya anthu a ku Tridentine, koma wansembe sankadziwa zomwe ankachita ndipo mapemphero onse anali omwazikana komanso odabwitsa. Koma ndichifukwa chake sindine wosalowerera ndale ndikuyembekeza china chothandizira kuwonjezera pazokambirana…

Kwa iwo omwe sali othamanga, apa pali mwachidule. Mu 2007, Papa Benedict XVI adatulutsa kalata ya Atumwi Chidule Pontificum m’mene anapangitsa chikondwerero cha Misa yamwambo ya Chilatini kupezeka mosavuta kwa okhulupirika. Iye ananena kuti chilolezo chochitira Misa yokonzedwanso (Ordo Missae) ndi/kapena liturgy lachilatini silinagawane. 

Mawu awiri awa a Mpingo lex orandi sizidzadzetsa magawano mu mpingo lex credendi (ulamuliro wa chikhulupiriro); pakuti ndiwo ntchito ziwiri za mwambo umodzi wa Aroma. —Art. 1, Chidule Pontificum

Komabe, Papa Francisko wanenanso maganizo osiyana. Iye wakhala akusintha pang'onopang'ono za Benedict Motu Proprio 'pofuna kuonetsetsa kuti kusintha kwa miyambo yachipembedzo ndi "kosasinthika".'^[2]ncrlineline.com Pa Julayi 16, 2021, Francis adatulutsa chikalata chake, Traditionis Custodes, pofuna kuthetsa zomwe akuona kuti zikugawanitsa mpingo. Tsopano, ansembe ndi mabishopu ayenera kufunsiranso chilolezo kuchokera kwa Holy See palokha kuti akondwerere mwambo wakale - Holy See mochulukira komanso moumirira motsutsana nawo. 

Francis adati "adakhumudwa" kuti kugwiritsa ntchito Misa yakale "kawirikawiri kumadziwika ndi kukana osati kusintha kwachipembedzo kokha, komanso Vatican Council II yokha, ponena kuti, ndi zifukwa zopanda pake komanso zosagwirizana, kuti zinapereka Chikhalidwe ndi Chikhalidwe. ‘Mpingo woona.’” -National Catholic Reporter, July 16th, 2021

 

Zochita

Nditayamba utumiki wanga woimba m’zaka za m’ma 90, chimodzi mwa zinthu zoyamba zimene ndinachita chinali kupendanso zikalata za Msonkhano Wachiwiri wa Vatican wonena za masomphenya a Tchalitchi pa nkhani ya nyimbo pa nthawi ya Misa. sizinafotokozedwe m'malemba - mosiyana. Vatican II inapemphadi kuti nyimbo zopatulika, nyimbo, ndi kugwiritsiridwa ntchito kwa Chilatini pa Misa zisungidwe. ad orientum, kuti Mgonero wa Mgonero ulekeke, kapena kuti Ukalistia sayenera kulandiridwa pa lilime. Nchifukwa chiyani ma parishi athu anali kunyalanyaza izi, ndinadabwa?

Ndinachita manthanso kuona mmene matchalitchi athu achiroma amamangidwira mowonjezereka ndi kukongola pang’ono poyerekezera ndi matchalitchi okongoletsedwa omwe ndinapitako nthaŵi ndi nthaŵi m’miyambo ya kum’maŵa (pokacheza ndi Atate wanga, tinkapita ku Tchalitchi cha Katolika cha ku Ukraine). Pambuyo pake ndimamva ansembe akundiuza momwe m'maparishi ena, pambuyo pa Vatican II, ziboliboli zinaphwanyidwa, mafano anachotsedwa, maguwa a nsembe aatali anachekedwa ndi unyolo, kukhomedwa njanji za Mgonero, zofukiza zinazimitsidwa, zovala zokongoletsedwa ndi njenjete, ndi nyimbo zopatulika zosapembedza. “Zimene Achikomyunizimu anachita m’matchalitchi athu mokakamiza,” anthu ena osamukira ku Russia ndi Poland anati, “zimene mukuchita inu nokha! Ansembe angapo anandifotokozeranso mmene kugonana kwa amuna kapena akazi okhaokha kunali kofala m’maseminale awo, maphunziro apamwamba a zaumulungu, ndi kudana ndi chiphunzitso chamwambo kunachititsa anyamata ambiri achangu kutaya chikhulupiriro chawo. Kunena zowona, chilichonse chozungulira, kuphatikiza ma liturgy, anali kunyozedwa. Ndikubwerezanso, ngati uku kunali "kusintha kwa miyambo" yomwe Tchalitchi adafuna, ndiye kuti sizinali mu zolemba za Vatican II. 

Katswiri wina, Louis Bouyer, anali mmodzi wa atsogoleri achiorthodox a gulu lachipembedzo pamaso pa Second Vatican Council. Pambuyo pa kuphulika kwa nkhanza zachipembedzo pambuyo pa khonsoloyi, adapereka chiyembekezo chodziwika bwino ichi:

Tiyenera kuyankhula momveka bwino: palibe mwambo wina uliwonse woyenera kutchulidwa lero mu Mpingo wa Katolika… Mwina palibe dera lina lililonse lomwe pali mtunda wopitilira (ngakhale wotsutsa) pakati pa zomwe Khonsolo idagwira ndi zomwe tili nazo… - Kuchokera Mzinda Wopasuka, Kuukira mu Tchalitchi cha Katolika, Anne Roche Muggeridge, p. 126

Pofotokoza mwachidule ganizo la Kadinala Joseph Ratzinger, Papa Benedict wam’tsogolo, Kadinala Avery Dulles akunena kuti, poyamba, Ratzinger anali wabwino kwambiri ponena za ‘zoyesayesa zothetsa kudzipatula kwa wokondwerera wansembe ndi kulimbikitsa kutengamo mbali mokangalika kwa mpingo. Iye amagwirizana ndi malamulo oyendetsera dziko lino pa kufunika koika kufunika kokulirapo kwa mawu a Mulungu a m’Malemba ndi kulengeza. Iye ndi wokondwa ndi lamulo lalamulo loti Mgonero Woyera ugawidwe pansi pa mitundu yonse iwiri ya zamoyo [monga miyambo ya kummawa] komanso… kugwiritsa ntchito zinenero za anthu wamba. “Mpanda wa Chilatini,” iye analemba motero, “unayenera kuphwasulidwa ngati mwambo wachipembedzo unayambanso kugwira ntchito monga chilengezo kapena choitanira ku pemphero.” Anavomerezanso pempho la bungweli lofuna kubwezeretsanso kuphweka kwa miyambo yakale komanso kuchotsa zochulukira zochulukira m'zaka zapakati.'^[3]"Kuchokera ku Ratzinger kupita ku Benedict", Zinthu Zoyamba, February 2002

Mwachidule, ndichifukwa chake ndimakhulupirira kukonzanso cha Misa m’zaka za zana la makumi awiri chinali chotsimikizirika m’dziko limene likuukiridwa mowonjezereka ndi “mawu” oulutsira nkhani ndi amene anali odana ndi Uthenga Wabwino. Unalinso m'badwo womwe udafupikitsa chidwi ndi kubwera kwa kanema, TV komanso, posachedwa, intaneti. Komabe, Cardinal Dulles akupitiriza kuti: “M’zolemba zotsatizana nazo monga kadinala, Ratzinger akuyesetsa kuthetsa kutanthauzira kolakwika kwa masiku ano. Abambo a bungweli, iye akuumirirabe, analibe cholinga choyambitsa kusintha kwachipembedzo. Iwo ankafuna kuti ayambe kugwiritsa ntchito chinenero cha anthu wamba pamodzi ndi Chilatini, koma sanaganize zochotsa Chilatini, chomwe chidakali chinenero chovomerezeka cha mwambo wachiroma. M’kuyitanitsa kutengamo mbali mokangalika, bungwelo silinatanthauze phokoso losatha la kulankhula, kuimba, kuŵerenga, ndi kugwirana chanza; kukhala chete mwapemphero kungakhale njira yozama kwambiri yochitirapo nawo mbali. Iye makamaka akumva chisoni ndi kuzimiririka kwa nyimbo zopatulika zamwambo, zosiyana ndi cholinga cha bungweli. Komanso bungweli silinafune kuyambitsa nthawi ya kuyesa kwamwambo wotenthedwa mtima ndi ukadaulo. Linaletsa mwamphamvu ansembe ndi anthu wamba kusintha marubri pa ulamuliro wawo.'

Panthawiyi, ndikungofuna kulira. Chifukwa ndikuwona kuti m'badwo wathu walandidwa kukongola kwa Liturgy Yopatulika - ndipo ambiri sadziwa nkomwe. Ichi ndichifukwa chake ndimamvera chisoni anzanga, owerenga, ndi abale amene amakonda Misa yachilatini. ndi miyambo ya ku Byzantine nthawi zina m’zaka zapitazi, imene ili miyambo yakale kwambiri ndiponso yolemekezeka kwambiri. adawona makanema ambiri, ndi zina zambiri zamwambowu). Koma ndikudziwa mwachidziwitso kuti ndi chabwino, choyera, ndipo monga momwe Benedict XVI anatsimikizira, mbali ya Mwambo wathu Wopatulika ndi "misala imodzi ya Aroma."

Mbali ina ya luso louziridwa la Tchalitchi cha Katolika m’zaka mazana ambiri yakhala luso lake laluso ndipo, kwenikweni, zisudzo zazitali: zofukiza, makandulo, mikanjo, denga lotchingidwa, mazenera agalasi, ndi nyimbo zoimbidwa bwino. Mpaka lero, a dziko likukopeka ndi mipingo yathu yakale chifukwa cha kukongola kwake kodabwitsa ndendende chifukwa chiwonetsero chopatulika ichi, chokha, a chinenero chachinsinsi. Chitsanzo: Wopanga nyimbo wanga wakale, osati munthu wachipembedzo komanso yemwe anamwalira, adayendera Notre Dame ku Paris zaka zingapo zapitazo. Atabwerako, anandiuza kuti: “Titalowa m’tchalitchi, ndinadziwa chinachake chinali kuchitika apa.” “Chinthu” chimenecho ndi chinenero chopatulika chimene chimaloza kwa Mulungu, chinenero chimene chaipitsidwa kwambiri m’zaka makumi asanu zapitazi ndi munthu woona ndi wonyenga. revolution m’malo mokonzanso Misa Yopatulika kuti ikhale “kuitanira ku pemphero” koyenera. 

Ndizowonongeka kwenikweni kwa Misa, komabe, zomwe zapangitsa kuyankha nthawi zina moona ali zakhala zogawikana. Pazifukwa zilizonse, ndakhala ndikulandira gawo lalikulu kwambiri la otchedwa "achikhalidwe" omwe akhala akuwononga okha. Ndinalemba za izi mu Pakusintha Misa. Ngakhale kuti anthu amenewa sakuimira gulu loona ndi lolemekezeka la anthu amene akufuna kuchira ndi kubwezeretsa zomwe sizikanatha kutayika, iwo achita zowononga kwambiri pokana Vatican II, akunyoza ansembe okhulupirika ndi anthu wamba amene amapemphera kwa Mulungu. Ordo Missae, ndipo monyanyira, kuyika chikaiko pa kuvomerezeka kwa upapa. Mosakayikira, Papa Francis amagwirizana makamaka ndi magulu owopsa awa omwe amagawanitsa komanso omwe awononga mosadziwa chifukwa chawo komanso miyambo yachi Latin.

Chodabwitsa n'chakuti, pamene Francis ali ndi ufulu wotsogolera kusintha kwa miyambo ya Tchalitchi, gulu lake lalikulu la anthu opembedza ndi owona mtima, ndipo tsopano, kuponderezedwa kwa Misa yachilatini, kukupanga magawano atsopano ndi opweteka mwa iwo okha popeza ambiri abwera. kondani ndikukula mu Misa yakale kuyambira Benedict's Motu Proprio. 

 

Misa Yodabwitsa

Poganizira izi, ndikufuna kunena modzichepetsa kuti pali kuthekera kogwirizana ndi vuto ili. Popeza sindine wansembe kapena bishopu, nditha kugawana nanu zochitika zomwe, mwachiyembekezo, zingalimbikitse. 

Zaka ziŵiri zapitazo, ndinaitanidwa ku Misa ku Saskatoon, Canada umene, m’lingaliro langa, unalidi kukwaniritsidwa kwa masomphenya otsimikizirika a kukonzanso kwa Vatican II. Iwo anali zachilendo Ordae Missae zikukambidwa, koma wansembeyo anapemphera mwanjira ina m’Chingelezi ndi Chilatini. Anayang’ana pa guwa lansembe pamene zofukiza zinali kufukiza pafupi, utsi wake ukudutsa mu kuwala kwa makandulo ambiri. Nyimbo ndi mbali za Misa zonse zinaimbidwa m’Chilatini ndi kwaya yokongola yokhala pakhonde pamwamba pathu. Kuŵerengako kunali m’chinenero cha anthu wamba, monganso mmene analili ulaliki wosonkhezera mtima woperekedwa ndi bishopu wathu. 

Sindingathe kufotokoza, koma ndinakhudzidwa ndi malingaliro kuyambira mphindi zoyambirira za nyimbo yotsegulira. Mzimu Woyera unalipo, wamphamvu kwambiri… unali mwambo waulemu komanso wokongola… ndipo misozi inali kutsika m’tsaya langa nthawi yonseyi. Zinali, ndikukhulupirira, ndendende zomwe Abambo a Council ankafuna - ena a iwo. 

Tsopano, n’kosatheka pakali pano kuti ansembe atsutse Atate Woyera pankhaniyi ponena za mwambo wa Utatu. Ndicholinga cha Fransisko kuti akhazikitse malangizo okhudza kukondwerera mwambowu ngati Papa Wamkulu. Zikuwonekeranso kuti akutero kuti apitilize ntchito ya Msonkhano Wachiwiri wa Vatican. Choncho, lowani nawo ntchitoyi! Monga mwawerenga pamwambapa, palibe chilichonse m'marubri a Misa chonena kuti wansembe sangayang'ane kuguwa, sangagwiritse ntchito Chilatini, sangagwiritse ntchito njanji ya guwa, zofukiza, nyimbo, ndi zina zotero. Zowonadi, zolemba za Vatican II zimafuna izi ndi zina ma rubriki amathandizira. Bishopu ali pamalo osasunthika kuti atsutse izi - ngakhale "mgwirizano" ukumukakamiza kutero. Koma pano, ansembe ayenera kukhala “ochenjera monga njoka, opusa ngati nkhunda.”^[4]Matt 10: 16 Ndikudziwa atsogoleri angapo achipembedzo omwe akukhazikitsanso mwakachetechete masomphenya odalirika a Vatican II - ndikupanga mapemphero okongola kwambiri panthawiyi.

 

Chizunzo chafika kale

Pomaliza, ndikudziwa kuti ambiri a inu mukukhala m'madera omwe Misa pano idasweka ngalawa komanso kuti kupita ku mwambo wachilatini kwakuthandizani. Kutaya izi ndi zowawa kwambiri. Chiyeso cholola kuti izi ziwonjezeke kugawikana koipitsitsa motsutsana ndi Papa ndi mabishopu mosakayikira zilipo kwa ena. Koma pali njira inanso yodziwira zimene zikuchitika. Tili m’kati mwa chizunzo chokulirakulira chochitidwa ndi mdani wathu wachikhalire, Satana. Tikuwona chiwopsezo cha Chikomyunizimu chikufalikira padziko lonse lapansi mwanjira yatsopano komanso yachinyengo kwambiri. Onani kuzunzidwa uku komwe kuli komanso kuti, nthawi zina, kumachokera mkati mwa Mpingo wokha ngati chipatso cha tchimo. 

Kuvutika kwa mpingo kumachokeranso mkati mwa mpingo, chifukwa uchimo ulipo mu mpingo. Izinso zakhala zikudziwika, koma lero tikuziwona mochititsa mantha kwambiri. Kuzunza kwakukulu kwa mpingo sikuchokera kwa adani akunja, koma kumabadwa mu uchimo mkati mwa mpingo. Chotero mpingo uli ndi kufunikira kwakukulu kwa kuphunziranso kulapa, kuvomereza kuyeretsedwa, kuphunzira mbali imodzi ya chikhululukiro komanso kufunika kwa chilungamo. —PAPA BENEDICT XVI, Meyi 12, 2021; kuyankhulana kwa apapa pa ndege

M'malo mwake, ndikufuna kutsekanso ndi "mawu tsopano" omwe adabwera kwa ine zaka zingapo zapitazo ndikuyendetsa tsiku lina kupita ku Confession. Chifukwa cha mzimu wonyengerera chimene chalowa mu Mpingo, chizunzo chidzameza ulemerero wosakhalitsa wa Mpingo. Ndinagwidwa ndi chisoni chosaneneka kuti kukongola kwake konse kwa Tchalitchi—luso lake, nyimbo zake, zokometsera zake, zofukiza zake, makandulo ake, ndi zina zotero—ziyenera kutsikira m’manda; kuti chizunzo chikudza chimene chidzachotsa zonsezi kuti ife tisakhale ndi kanthu kotsala, koma Yesu.^[5]cf. Ulosi ku Roma Ndinabwera kunyumba ndikulemba ndakatulo yaifupi iyi:

Lirani, Inu Ana a Anthu. 

LILANI, Inu ana a anthu! Lirani pazonse zabwino, zowona, komanso zokongola. Lirani zonse zomwe ziyenera kupita kumanda, zithunzi zanu ndi nyimbo zanu, makoma anu ndi nsanja.

Lirani, inu ana a anthu! Kwa zonse zabwino, zowona, komanso zokongola. Lirani zonse zomwe ziyenera kupita ku Sepulcher, ziphunzitso zanu ndi zowonadi zanu, mchere wanu ndi kuwala kwanu.

Lirani, inu ana a anthu! Kwa zonse zabwino, zowona, komanso zokongola. Lirani kwa onse omwe ayenera kulowa usiku, ansembe anu ndi mabishopu, apapa anu ndi akalonga.

Lirani, inu ana a anthu! Kwa zonse zabwino, zowona, komanso zokongola. Lirani kwa onse omwe akuyenera kulowa muyeso, mayeso a chikhulupiriro, moto wa woyenga.

… Koma musalire nthawi zonse!

Pakuti m'bandakucha udzafika, kuwala kudzagonjetsa, Dzuwa latsopano lidzatuluka. Ndipo zonse zomwe zinali zabwino, zowona, komanso zokongola zipumira mpweya watsopano, ndikupatsidwanso ana aamuna.

Masiku ano, Akatolika ambiri m’madera ena a Finland, Canada ndi kwina saloledwanso kupita ku Misa popanda “pasipoti ya katemera”. Ndipo ndithudi mu zina malo, Misa ya Chilatini tsopano yaletsedwa kotheratu. Tikuyamba kuwona kukwaniritsidwa kwa "mawu apano" pang'onopang'ono. Tiyenera kudzikonzekeretsa tokha kuti Misa inenedwenso mobisala. Mu April, 2008, French Saint Thérèse de Lisieux anaonekera m’maloto kwa wansembe wa ku America amene ndimamudziŵa amene amawona miyoyo ku puligatoriyo usiku uliwonse. Anali atavala diresi pa Mgonero wake woyamba ndipo anamutsogolera kutchalitchi. Komabe, atafika pakhomo, analetsedwa kulowa. Anatembenukira kwa iye nati:

Monga dziko langa [France], yemwe anali mwana wamkazi wamkulu wa Tchalitchi, anapha ansembe ake ndi okhulupirika, momwemonso kuzunzidwa kwa Mpingo kudzachitika m'dziko lanu. Mu kanthawi kochepa, atsogoleri achipembedzo adzatengedwa kupita ku ukapolo ndipo sadzatha kulowa m'matchalitchi mosabisa. Adzatumikira okhulupirika m'malo obisika. Okhulupirika adzalandidwa "kumpsompsona kwa Yesu" [Mgonero Woyera]. Anthu wamba adzabweretsa Yesu kwa iwo kulibe ansembe.

Nthawi yomweyo, Fr. adazindikira kuti akunena za French Revolution ndi mwadzidzidzi kuzunzidwa kwa Mpingo komwe kunaphulika. Anaona mumtima mwake kuti ansembe adzakakamizika kupereka Misa yachinsinsi m’nyumba, m’nkhokwe, ndi m’madera akumidzi. Ndipo kachiwiri, mu Januwale 2009, adamva St. Thérèse akubwereza uthenga wake mwachangu:

Posakhalitsa, zomwe zidachitika kudziko langa, zidzachitika zanu. Kuzunzidwa kwa Mpingo kwayandikira. Konzekerani.

Kalelo, ndinali ndisanamvepo za "Fourth Industrial Revolution". Koma awa ndi mawu omwe adzutsidwa tsopano ndi atsogoleri adziko lapansi ndi womanga wa Kubwezeretsa Kwakukulu, Pulofesa Klaus Schwab. Zida zakusinthaku, adatero poyera, ndi "COVID-19" ndi "kusintha kwanyengo".^[6]cf. Masomphenya a Yesaya a Chikomyunizimu Chapadziko Lonse Abale ndi alongo, zindikirani mawu anga: kusinthaku sikufuna kusiya malo a Tchalitchi cha Katolika, osati monga inu ndi ine tikudziwira. Mukulankhula kwaulosi mu 2009, yemwe kale anali Supreme Knight Carl A. Anderson anati:

Phunziro la m'zaka za zana la khumi ndi chisanu ndi chinayi ndikuti mphamvu yakukhazikitsa nyumba zomwe zimapatsa kapena kuchotsa ulamuliro wa atsogoleri amatchalitchi mwakufuna kwawo ndi zofuna za akuluakulu aboma ndizoposa mphamvu zowopseza komanso mphamvu zowononga. - Wopambana Knight Carl A. Anderson, Mgwirizano ku Connectitcut State Capitol, Marichi 11, 2009

Kupita patsogolo ndi sayansi yatipatsa ife mphamvu yakulamulira mphamvu zachilengedwe, kuwongolera nyengo, kubereka zamoyo, pafupifupi mpaka kupanga anthu iwowo. Zikatero, kupemphera kwa Mulungu kumawoneka kwachikale, kopanda tanthauzo, chifukwa titha kupanga ndikupanga chilichonse chomwe tikufuna. Sitikudziwa kuti tikupezanso zomwezo monga Babele. —POPE BENEDICT XVI, Pentekoste Homily, Meyi 27, 2102

Gwiritsirani ntchito chikhulupiriro chanu. Khalani mu chiyanjano ndi Woyimira Khristu, ngakhale ngati simukugwirizana naye.^[7]cf. Pali Barque Imodzi Yokha Koma musakhale wamantha. Musati mukhale mmanja mwanu. Monga anthu wamba, yambani kudzikonza nokha kuti muthandize ansembe anu kukhazikitsa koona masomphenya a Vatican II, amene sanalingaliridwa konse kukhala kuswa Mwambo Wopatulika koma kuchikulitsa china. Khalani nkhope ya Kulimbana ndi Revolution zomwe zidzabwezeretsa choonadi, kukongola, ndi ubwino ku mpingo kachiwiri… ngakhale zitakhala mu nthawi yotsatira. 

 

Kuwerenga Kofananira

Pakusintha Misa

Chowawa ndi Kukhulupirika

Masomphenya a Yesaya a Chikomyunizimu Chapadziko Lonse

Chikominisi Ikabweranso

Kubwezeretsa Kwakukulu

Mliri Woyendetsa

Kusintha!

Mbewu ya Kusintha uku

Kusintha Kwakukulu

Kusintha Padziko Lonse Lapansi

Mtima wa Revolution Yatsopano

Mzimu Wosintha

Zisindikizo Zisanu ndi ziwiri za Revolution

Pa Eva wa Revolution

Chiyambitseni Tsopano!

Revolution… mu Nthawi Yeniyeni

Wokana Kristu M'masiku Athu

Kulimbana ndi Revolution

 

 

Mverani zotsatirazi:

 

 

Tsatirani Maliko ndi "zizindikiro za nthawi" za tsiku ndi tsiku pa Ine:

Tsatirani zolemba za Marko apa:

Kuti muyende ndi Mark in The Tsopano Mawu,
dinani pachikwangwani pansipa kuti Tumizani.
Imelo yanu sidzagawidwa ndi aliyense.