Philip Pullman; Chithunzi: Phil Fisk wa Sunday Telegraph
NDINADZIMUKA nthawi ya 5:30 m'mawa uno, kuwomba kwa mphepo, chisanu. Mkuntho wokongola wamasika. Chifukwa chake ndidaponya chovala ndi chipewa, ndikupita kumphepo yamkuntho kuti ndikapulumutse Nessa, ng'ombe yathu yamkaka. Ndili naye mosamala m'khola, ndipo malingaliro anga atadzutsidwa mwamwano, ndinayendayenda mnyumba kuti ndikapeze nkhani yosangalatsa wolemba wina wosakhulupirira kuti kuli Mulungu, a Philip Pullman.
Pokhala ndi chidwi cha omwe amalemba mayeso koyambirira pomwe ophunzira anzawo atsala kuti atuluke mayankho, Mr. Pullman akufotokoza mwachidule momwe adasiyira nthano yachikhristu chifukwa chokana kuti kulibe Mulungu. Zomwe zidandisangalatsa kwambiri, komabe, inali yankho lake kwa angati anganene kuti kukhalapo kwa Khristu kumaonekera, mwa zina, kudzera pazabwino zomwe Mpingo wake wachita:
Komabe, anthu omwe amagwiritsa ntchito mfundo imeneyi akuwoneka kuti amatanthauza kuti kufikira pomwe mpingo udalipo palibe amene adziwa kuchita zabwino, ndipo palibe amene angachite zabwino pakadali pano pokhapokha atachita izi chifukwa cha chikhulupiriro. Sindikukhulupirira zimenezo. - Philip Pullman, Philip Pullman pa Munthu Wabwino Yesu & Scoundrel Christ, www.telegraph.co.uk, Epulo 9th, 2010
Koma tanthauzo la mawuwa ndizodabwitsa, ndipo limapereka funso lovuta: kodi pakhoza kukhala 'wabwino' wosakhulupirira kuti kuli Mulungu?
UBWINO NDANI?
Pontiyo Pilato anafunsa kuti, “Choonadi ndi chiyani?” Koma khofi wanga wam'mawa akamazizira komanso mphepo imachotsa ma studio pa webusayiti yanga, ndimafunsa kuti "Kodi ubwino ndi chiyani?"
Kodi zikutanthauza chiyani kunena kuti munthu uyu ndi wabwino, kapena uyu kapena uyu ndi woipa? Nthawi zambiri, anthu amazindikira zabwino chifukwa cha machitidwe awo amawona zabwino, kapena zoyipa ndi machitidwe omwe amaonedwa kuti ndiabwino. Kuthandiza wakhungu kuwoloka msewu nthawi zambiri kumaoneka ngati kwabwino; mwadala kumuthamangitsa ndi galimoto yanu sichoncho. Koma ndizosavuta. Nthawi ina, kugona ndi munthu musanalowe m'banja kunkaonedwa kuti ndi kopanda tanthauzo, koma tsopano, sizovomerezeka, koma ndizolimbikitsidwa. “Muyenera kuonetsetsa kuti mukugwirizana,” anatero akatswiri a zamaganizo a pop. Ndipo tili ndi zodetsa nkhawa za anthu otchuka akutiuza kuti kupha kadzidzi ndi koyipa, koma kupha makanda osabadwa ndibwino. Kapena asayansi omwe amati kuwononga mazira aanthu ndibwino ngati atha kupereka mankhwala kwa anthu ena. Kapenanso oweruza omwe angateteze zogonana amuna kapena akazi okhaokha, komabe asunthike kuti alepheretse makolo kuphunzitsa ana awo zakugonana.
Chifukwa chake, zikuwonekeratu kuti pali kusintha komwe kukuchitika pano. Zomwe zimawoneka ngati zabwino m'mbuyomu tsopano zimawerengedwa kuti ndizopondereza komanso zopondereza; chimene chinali choyipa tsopano chikulandiridwa ngati chabwino ndi kumasula. Amatchedwa moyenera ...
… Ulamuliro wopondereza womwe suzindikira chilichonse ngati chotsimikizika, ndipo womwe umasiyira munthu aliyense payekha zofunika kuchita ndi zofuna zake. Kukhala ndi chikhulupiriro chotsimikizika, malinga ndi mbiri ya Tchalitchi, nthawi zambiri kumatchedwa kuti zachikhalidwe. Komabe, kudalira, kutanthauza kuti, kulola kutengeka ndi 'kutengeka ndi mphepo yonse ya chiphunzitso', kumawoneka ngati malingaliro okhawo ovomerezeka masiku ano. -Kardinali Ratzinger (PAPA BENEDICT XVI) asanakonzekere Homily, Epulo 18, 2005
A Pullman amakhulupirira kuti anthu akhoza kuchita zabwino popanda Mpingo. Koma kodi 'chabwino' ndi chiyani?
HITLER WABWINO, STALIN WABWINO
A Pullman akuti adayamba kudzuka ku nthano yachikhristu 'nditaphunzira sayansi pang'ono.' Zowonadi, sayansi ndiye chipembedzo chachikulu pakati pa okhulupirira kuti kulibe Mulungu, chomwe chimakopa chidwi cha munthu kukhala chomwe chingakhudzidwe, kulawa, kuwona, kapena kuyesedwa.
Motero, kusanduka ndi imodzi mwazikhulupiriro za omwe sakhulupirira kuti kuli Mulungu. Zinali za Hitler. Ndipo tsopano tikuwona vuto likudziwonetsera lokha.
Kutsatira malingaliro a omwe sakhulupirira kuti kuli Mulungu, sipangakhale malingaliro amakhalidwe. Makhalidwe abwino amatanthauza kuti osalephera gwero ya mitheradi imeneyo. Amatanthauza chikhalidwe chosasunthika chokhazikika pamaziko. Koma zikuwonekeratu lero kuti zomwe kale zimaganiziridwa kuti ndizochokera malamulo achilengedwe- monga momwe usaphe - sizolinso zenizeni. Kutaya mimba, kudzipha komwe wathandizidwa, kudzipha "izi ndi" zikhalidwe "zatsopano zomwe zikusemphana ndi zomwe zakhala zikuwonedwa ngati malamulo achilengedwe pakati pa zikhalidwe ndi zaka zikwizikwi.
Ndipo chifukwa chake, Hitler amangogwiritsa ntchito "mikhalidwe" yatsopanoyi m'magulu a anthu omwe amawapeza osayenera mtundu wa anthu. Ndikutanthauza, ngati tili chabe mitundu pakati pa mitundu yambiri ya zamoyo padziko lapansi yomwe ikusintha mwa kusintha ndi kusankha kwachilengedwe, bwanji osagwiritsa ntchito luntha lathu kuti lithandizire kusankha kwachilengedwe? 
Tsopano, amene sakhulupirira kuti kuli Mulungu anganene kuti, "Ayi, tonse tikhoza kuvomereza kuti kuthetsedwa kwa Ayuda kunali konyansa." Zoonadi? Nanga bwanji za kuchotsedwa kwa makanda osabadwa, kapena omwe akufunadi kufa? Ndipo tichita chiyani tikakumana ndi zovuta zenizeni pomwe chithandizo chamankhwala kapena chakudya ndichochepa? Mwachitsanzo, ku United States, mtsutso wokhudza chisamaliro chaumoyo udaphatikizaponso kukambirana zakukalamba kukhala potsiriza kulandira chithandizo chamankhwala pakavuta. Nanga ndani amapanga zisankhozo ndikutsatira "malamulo amakhalidwe abwino"? Limenelo ndi funso losasunthika ndi yankho losuntha.
Kodi ndikulakwa kuchotsa magulu a anthu omwe ali "olemera", osathandizira pachuma, "osadya zopanda pake", monga ena amanenera? Chifukwa ngati mutsatira sayansi, kugwiritsa ntchito chifukwa wopanda chikhulupiriro, ndiye ndizomveka kugwiritsa ntchito mfundo zakusinthika kulikonse komwe tingathandize kuti izi zitheke. Bilionea Ted Turner nthawi ina adati anthu padziko lapansi ayenera kuchepetsedwa kufika pa anthu 500 miliyoni. Prince Philip waku England adati akufuna kuti abadwenso ngati virus yakupha ndipo adati mabanja akulu ndi mliri padziko lapansi. Mtengo wamunthu wayesedwa kale osati ndi ulemu wawo koma ndi "kaboni zotsalira" zomwe amasiya.
Ndiye ndani amene sakhulupirira kuti Hitler kapena Stalin anali "woyipa?" Mwinanso amuna ngati Mr. Pullman ndi achikale kwambiri kuti awone njira yatsopano yamaganizidwe lero yomwe ikukhazikitsa njira yikhalidwe ya eugenics yoyendetsedwa ndi asayansi okonda kutchuka, andale, komanso amalonda. Chikhalidwe chatsopano cha anthu androgynous, chotsogola kudzera mu nanotechnology ndikusinthidwa majini kukhala mtundu wangwiro komanso "wokongola" wa anthu. Kwa Prince Philip, komabe, izi sizingaphatikizepo mabanja akulu. Kwa woyambitsa Planned Parenthood, Margaret Sanger, izi sizingaphatikizepo anthu akuda. Kwa Barack Obama, izi sizingaphatikizepo makanda "osafunikira". Kwa Hitler sizingaphatikizepo Ayuda. Kwa Michael Schiavo, sizingaphatikizepo olumala m'maganizo. Izi, atero, zikhala "zabwino" kwa anthu, "zabwino" padziko lapansi.
Chifukwa chake osakhulupirira kuti kuli Mulungu omwe amati anthu ngati Hitler ndi "oyipa" sayenera kulola zikhulupiriro zawo kudodometsa "kupita patsogolo kwa anthu."
MULUNGU WABWINO!
Ambiri aife tidamvapo, kapena timadzidzia tokha za anthu omwe sapita kutchalitchi, koma ndi "abwino" (mwa tanthauzo lachiyuda ndi chikhristu). Ndipo ndi zoona: kunja kuno kuli antchito ambiri, anthu okoma mtima ambiri, miyoyo yomwe ingapereke malaya kumbuyo kwawo… koma osafuna kuchita chilichonse ndi chipembedzo. Zingadabwe kuti okhulupirira kuti kulibe Mulungu ngati bambo Pullman amve zomwe Mpingo umaphunzitsa za ena mwa anthu awa:
Iwo amene, popanda cholakwa chawo, sadziwa Uthenga Wabwino wa Khristu kapena Mpingo wake, koma amene amafunafuna Mulungu ndi mtima wowona, ndipo, motengeka ndi chisomo, amayesa m'zochita zawo kuchita chifuniro chake monga momwe akudziwira kudzera zomwe chikumbumtima chawo chikunenera - iwonso atha kupeza chipulumutso chamuyaya. -Katekisimu wa Katolika, n. Zamgululi
Komabe, izi sizitanthauza kuti Mpingo ndiye wopanda pake.
"Ngakhale kuti mwa njira zodziwikiratu kwa iye Mulungu angatsogolere iwo omwe, popanda cholakwa chawo, sadziwa Uthenga Wabwino, ku chikhulupiriro chimene sichingakhale chosatheka kumusangalatsa, Mpingo udakali ndi udindo komanso ufulu wopatulika wa lalikirani anthu onse. ” -CCC, n. Zamgululi
Cholinga chake ndikuti Yesu adabwera kudzamasula umunthu, ndipo ndi choncho choonadi Chimene chimatimasula. Mpingo, ndiye, ndiwo wolankhulira ndi chipata cha chowonadi.
[Yesu] iyemwini adatsimikiza za kufunikira kwa chikhulupiriro ndi Ubatizo, ndipo potero adatsimikiza nthawi yomweyo kufunikira kwa Mpingo womwe anthu amalowa kudzera mu Ubatizo monga kudzera pakhomo. Chifukwa chake sakanakhoza kupulumutsidwa omwe, podziwa kuti Mpingo wa Katolika unakhazikitsidwa monga wofunikira ndi Mulungu kudzera mwa Khristu, amakana kulowa kapena kukhalabe mmenemo. -CCC, n. Zamgululi
Yesu anati, “Ine ndine chowonadi. ” Chifukwa chake, ndizomveka kuti mizimu yomwe imatsata "chowonadi" cholembedwa m'mitima yawo, ngakhale samudziwa dzina lake mosalakwitsa, ali panjira ya chipulumutso chamuyaya. Koma potengera chikhalidwe chathu chakugwa ndi chikhoterero cha uchimo, ndizovuta bwanji kutsatira njira iyi!
… Chipata ndichotseka ndipo msewu wotakasuka wopita kuchiwonongeko, ndipo iwo amene alowa pa icho ndi ambiri. Njira yake ndi yopapatiza komanso yolumikiza msewu wopita kumoyo. Ndipo omwe amawapeza ndi ochepa. (Mateyu 7: 13-14)
Apa ndiye malo akhungu a zolinga zabwino koma, chabwino, akhungu osakhulupirira kuti kuli Mulungu monga Philip Pullman: iwo sangakhoze kuwona izo chowonadi ndichofunikira kwambiri kuti anthu apulumuke. Makhalidwe abwino amenewo ndi maziko enieni amtendere ndi mgwirizano, ndikuti Mpingo ndiye chitsimikizo ndi chotengera cha chowonadi ichi. Kufooka kwakukulu kwa ambiri omwe sakhulupirira kuti kuli Mulungu ndiko kulephera kwawo kuyang'ana kupyola kufooka ndi machimo a Mpingo. Amayembekezera zambiri kwa anthu osati zokwanira kuchokera kwa Yesu. Sindikudziwa chifukwa chake, koma, ngakhale ndili ndi chisoni chachikulu, sindinasokonezedwe ndi mbiri yonse ya Tchalitchi yokhudza nkhanza, zonyoza, kuweruza milandu, ndi atsogoleri achinyengo. Ndimayang'ana pagalasi, mu kulephera kwa mtima wanga, ndipo ndikumvetsetsa. Ndikuganiza kuti anali Amayi Teresa omwe adati mphamvu yankhondo ili mumtima wa munthu aliyense. Tikavomereza izi-osakhulupirira kuti kuli Mulungu, Myuda, Msilamu, kapena Mkhristu — kuti anthu sangathe kuthetsa chinsinsi cha kuthekera kwawo pakuchita zoyipa kupatula mphamvu yakuwuka, ndiye kuti tidzapitilizabe kuyandama m'dambo . Tipitilizabe mpaka, tsiku lina, "wokhulupirira kuti kulibe Mulungu" atha kutenga mphamvu zomwe zingapangitse Hitler ndi Stalin kuoneka ngati odekha poyerekeza. (Ndiye kuti, wakhunguyo angafune kukhala kunyumba).
Koma ndife yani kuti tiweruze!
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- Kumvetsetsa komwe choonadi cha Chikhulupiriro cha Katolika chimachokera. Zopangidwa ndi anthu kapena Mulungu anapatsidwa? Werengani Kukongola Kwa Choonadi
