Umfazi kunye neNamba

IT ngomnye wemimangaliso eqhubekayo eqhubekayo kule mihla, kwaye uninzi lwamaKatolika alwazi. Isahluko sesithandathu kwincwadi yam, Imbonakalo yokuGqibela, ujongene nommangaliso omangalisayo womfanekiso weNkosazana Yethu yaseGuadalupe, kunye nendlela edibana ngayo neSahluko se-12 kwincwadi yeSityhilelo. Ngenxa yeentsomi ezixhaphakileyo ezamkelweyo njengenyaniso, nangona kunjalo, inguqulelo yam yoqobo ihlaziyiwe ukuze ibonakalise qi nisiwe izinto zenzululwazi ezijikeleze i-tilma apho umfanekiso uhlala khona njengakwimeko engaqondakaliyo. Ummangaliso we-tilma awudingi ukuhonjiswa; luzimele njengowona “mqondiso wamaxesha” omkhulu.

Ndipapashe iSahluko sesithandathu apha ezantsi kwabo sele benencwadi yam. Ushicilelo lwesiThathu ngoku luyafumaneka kwabo bangathanda uku-odola ezinye iikopi, ezibandakanya ulwazi olungezantsi kunye naluphi na ulungiso lobuchwephesha olufunyenweyo.

Qaphela: imibhalo esemazantsi ibhalwe ngokwahlukileyo kunekopi eprintiweyo.

 

 

ISAHLUKO SESITHANDATHU: UMFAZI NEDROKHONI

Kwabonakala umqondiso omkhulu esibhakabhakeni, umfazi ambethe ilanga, inyanga ingaphantsi kweenyawo zakhe, entloko kuye isisithsaba seenkwenkwezi ezilishumi elinambini. Wayenomntwana kwaye elila ngokuvakalayo ngeentlungu njengoko wayesebenza nzima ukuba abeleke. Kwaphinda kwavela omnye umqondiso esibhakabhakeni; Yayiyinamba enkulu ebomvu, ineentloko ezisixhenxe neempondo ezilishumi, kwiintloko zayo izizithsaba ezisixhenxe. Umsila wayo wawususa isahlulo sesithathu seenkwenkwezi esibhakabhakeni waza waziphosa emhlabeni. (ISityhi. 12: 1-4)

 

IYAQALA

Babezenye zeenkcubeko ezinegazi emhlabeni. Kuqikelelwa ukuba amaIndiya ama-Aztec, kwinto eyaziwa njengeMexico namhlanje, abingelela, kunye nayo yonke iMezzo-america, kangange-250,000 yabantu abaphila nyaka ngamnye. ^[1]UWoodrow Borah, ekunokwenzeka ukuba ligunya eliphambili kwidemokhrasi yaseMexico ngexesha lokoyisa, uhlaziye inani eliqikelelweyo labantu ababingelelwe kumbindi weMexico ngenkulungwane yeshumi elinesihlanu ukuya kuma-250,000 ngonyaka. -http://www.sancta.org/patr-unb.html Amasiko egazi ngamanye amaxesha aquka ukususa intliziyo yexhoba esaphila. Baye banqula uthixo wenyoka uQuetzalcoatl ababekholelwa ukuba uza kuthi ekugqibeleni abenzele into engenamsebenzi. Njengoko uza kubona, le nkolelo yayiyeyona nto ibalulekileyo ekuguqukeni kwabo bantu.

Kwakuphakathi koku kugcwele igazi inkcubeko yokufa, ngo-1531 AD, ukuba "uMfazi" wabonakala kumntu oqhelekileyo apho ophawula ukuqala kwe ungquzulwano olukhulu kunye nenyoka. Uvele njani kwaye nini na esenza ukuba imbonakalo yakhe ibaluleke kakhulu…

Kwakusekuseni xa uMama wethu eqala ukufika eSt. Juan Diego xa wayehamba emaphandleni. Wacela ukuba icawa yakhiwe kwinduli apho kwenzeka khona izinto ezibonakalayo. UJuan waya kuBhishophu kunye nesicelo sakhe, kodwa wacelwa ukuba abuyele eNtombini aze abhenele umqondiso ongummangaliso njengobungqina bokuvela kwakhe. Ke yena wayalela iSt. Juan ukuba iqokelele iintyatyambo kwiNduli yaseTepeyac ize nayo kuBhishophu. Nangona kwakusebusika, kwaye umhlaba unemihlaba engaginyisi mathe, wafumana zonke iintlobo zeentyatyambo ziqhakaza apho, kubandakanya neentyatyambo zeCastilian, ezazizalelwe kwilizwe likaBhishophu eSpain — kodwa hayi iTepeyac. I-St. Juan yaqokelela iintyatyambo kwi-tilma yayo. ^[2]i-tilma okanye "ingubo" Intombikazi eyintsikelelo iphinde yalungiselela emva koko yathumela indlela yayo. Xa evula itilma phambi kukaBhishophu, iintyatyambo zawa phantsi, kwaye ngequbuliso kwavela umfanekiso omangalisayo weLady lethu kwilaphu.

 

INKOSIKAZI YETHU YE-GUADALUPE: UMFANEKISO OPHILAYO

Owona mmangaliso wawumangalisa kangangokuba ubishophu akazange awuphikise. Kangangeenkulungwane, yahlala ingowona mmangaliso ungaphikiswayo yiCawe (nangona ngo-1666, uphando lwaye lwenziwa ikakhulu ukuze kubhekiswe kwimbali.) Kubalulekile ukuba ume kancinci okwexeshana uqwalasele uhlobo lwesi siganeko singummangaliso, kuba sibonisa ukubaluleka okukhulu kolu luvo.

Eli laphu liphakathi kwezona zibalaseleyo oluqhubekayo imimangaliso kumaxesha anamhlanje. Into endiza kuyichaza apha ngezantsi iqinisekisiwe ngokwenzululwazi, kwaye ngokumangalisayo, yaziwa ngabambalwa eCaweni. Inyani yokuba itekhnoloji ngoku iyakwazi, kumaxesha ethu, ukufumanisa ezinye zezinto ezimangalisayo ze-tilma nayo ibalulekile, njengoko ndiza kuchaza.

Nge-Agasti ka-1954, uGqirha Rafael Torija Lavoignet wafumanisa ukuba amehlo akhe abonisa umthetho wePurkinje-Sanson. Oko kukuthi, zazinemiboniso emithathu yesipili kumfanekiso ofanayo kwikona yangaphakathi nangaphandle nakwindawo engaphandle yeelensi-iimpawu zento umntu iliso. Oku kwaqinisekiswa kwakhona ngo-1974-75 nguGqirha Enrique Graue. Ngomnyaka we-1985, imifanekiso enjengeenwele zemithambo yegazi yafunyanwa kwiinkophe eziphezulu (ezazingahambisi gazi, ngokutsho kwamanye amarhe).

Mhlawumbi okuphawuleka kakhulu kukufumanisa, ngetekhnoloji yedijithali, amanani abantu kubafundi bakhe ekungekho mzobi unokupeyinta, ngakumbi kwimicu emibi. Umboniso ofanayo uboniswa kwiliso ngalinye ukuveza into ebonakala ngathi yeyomzuzu apho umfanekiso uvele khona kwi-tilma.

Kuyenzeka ukuba uqonde umIndiya ohleli phantsi, ojonge phezulu emazulwini; iprofayili yokucheba, indoda endala enentshebe emhlophe, ifana nomfanekiso kaBhishophu Zumárraga, opeyintwe nguMiguel Cabrera, ukubonisa lo mmangaliso; kunye nendoda encinci, kuyo yonke into enokwenzeka itoliki uJuan González. Kukwakho nomNdiya, ekusenokwenzeka ukuba nguJuan Diego, weempawu ezibambekayo, eneentshebe kunye namadevu, otyhila eyakhe itarma phambi kukabhishophu; umfazi onebala elimnyama, mhlawumbi ikhoboka le-Negro elalisenkonzweni kabishophu; kunye nendoda eneempawu zaseSpain ojonga ezantsi, ephulula intshebe yakhe ngesandla. -Zenit.Org, nge-14 kaJanuwari, 2001

Amanani abekwe kanye apho befanele ukuba khona emehlweni omabini, kunye nokugqwetha kwimifanekiso evumelana nokugoba kwekorenea yomntu. Kufana nokuba uMama wethu wayenomfanekiso wakhe othathwe kunye ne-tilma esebenza njengeplate yokufota, amehlo akhe ephethe imeko ye okwenzekileyo ngalo mzuzu umfanekiso uvele phambi kukaBhishophu.

Izixhasi ezongezelelekileyo zedijithali zifumene umfanekiso, ozimeleyo kwenye, emi kwi iziko ngamehlo akhe. Yileyo yomIndiya usapho yenziwe ngumfazi, indoda kunye nabantwana abaninzi. Ndiza kuthetha ngokubaluleka koku kamva.

I-tilma yenziwe Ayate, ilaphu elirhabaxa elilukelwe ngemicu yezityalo ixtle. URic hard Kuhn, ophumelele amabhaso kaNobel kwikhemistry, ufumanise ukuba umfanekiso wokuqala awunambala wendalo, isilwanyana okanye izimbiwa. Ngenxa yokuba kwakungekho imibala eyenziweyo ngo-1531, umthombo wee-pigment awuchazeki. IZenit News Agency inika ingxelo yokuba ngo-1979, abantu baseMelika uPhilip Callahan noJody B. Smith bafunda lo mfanekiso besebenzisa imitha ye-infrared kwaye bafumanisa, bothuswa kukuba, akukho mkhondo wepeyinti okanye ibrashi yokubethwa, kwaye nelaphu alikhange liphathwe naluphi na uhlobo lobuchule. Akukho bungqingqwa kumbala, ngenxa yoko akukho nto iqhelekileyo esiqhele ukuyibona kuyo, yithi, ukupeyinta ioyile apho imibala "inyibilika" kunye. Imisonto ye-ixtle ikwabonakala nakwinxalenye yomfanekiso; Oko kukuthi, imingxunya yelaphu iyabonakala ngombala inika umbono wokuba umfanekiso "uyabhabha", nangona uchukumisa ilaphu.

Echaza ezi ngqungquthela kwinkomfa yoopopu eRoma, injineli yeenkqubo zokusingqongileyo ePeru yabuza:

[Kungenzeka njani] ukuba uwuchaze lo mfanekiso kunye nokungaguquguquki kwawo ngaphandle kwemibala, kwilaphu elingakhange liphathwe? [Kungenzeka njani] ukuba, ngaphandle kwepeyinti, imibala igcine ukukhanya kunye nokuqaqamba kwayo? —UJosé Aste Tonsmann, iZiko laseMexico laseGuadalupan Studies; ERoma, ngoJanuwari 14, 2001; Zenit.org

Ngaphaya koko, xa kuthathelwa ingqalelo inyani yokuba akukho mzobo uphantsi, ubungakanani, okanye i-varnish egqithileyo, kwaye ukuluka kwelaphu kukwasetyenziselwa ukunika ubunzulu bomzobo, akukho nkcazo yalo mfanekiso unokubakho ngobuchule be-infrared . Kuyamangalisa ukuba, ngaphezulu kweenkulungwane ezine, akukho kubuna okanye ukuqhekeka komfanekiso wokuqala kuyo nayiphi na indawo yeayate tilma, engafakwanga ubukhulu, bekufanele ukuba yehla kwiinkulungwane ezidlulileyo.. —UGqr. UFilipu C. Callahan, UMariya waseMelika, nguChristopher Rengers, OFM Cap., New York, St. Pauls, Alba House, 1989, iphe. 92f.

Ewe i-tilma ibonakala ngathi ayinakonakala. Ilaphu le-Ayate linobomi obuqhelekileyo obungekho ngaphezulu kweminyaka engama-20-50. Ngo-1787, uGqr.Jose Ignacio Bartolache wenza iikopi ezimbini zomfanekiso, ezama ukuphinda awenze ngokuchanekileyo ngokuchanekileyo. Wafaka ezimbini zale mibhalo kwiTepeyac; enye kwisakhiwo ekuthiwa yi-El Pocito, kunye nenye kwingcwele yeSt. Mary yaseGuadalupe. Ayikapheli iminyaka elishumi, igxininisa ukungonakali kokonakala komfanekiso wokuqala: Sele kudlule iminyaka engama-470 uMama wethu evele kwiTilma yaseSt. Ngonyaka we-1795, i-nitric acid yachitheka ngengozi kwicala lasekunene le-tilma, ekufanele ukuba yayinyibilikisa loo micu. Nangona kunjalo, ibala nje elimdaka lishiyeke kwilaphu abanye abathi liyakhanya ngokuhamba kwexesha (nangona iBandla lingazange lenze njalo.) Ngesinye isihlandlo esidumileyo ngo-1921, indoda yafihla ibhombu enamandla kwimbali yaza yabeka iinyawo zetilma. Ukuqhuma kutshabalalise iinxalenye zesibingelelo esikhulu, kodwa i-tilma, ekufanele ukuba yonakalise umonakalo, yahlala iphelele. ^[3]Bona www.truthsoftheimage.org, iwebhusayithi echanekileyo eveliswe ziiKnights zaseColumbus

Ngelixa ezi zinto zifunyenwe zetekhnoloji zithetha ngakumbi kumntu wanamhlanje, imifanekiso kwi-tilma yinto eyathetha nabantu base-Mezzo-amerika.

AmaMeya ayekholelwa ukuba oothixo bazincama ngenxa yamadoda, kwaye ke, umntu kufuneka ngoku anikele ngegazi ngedini ukugcina oothixo bephila. Kwi-tilma, iNtombikazi inxibe ibhendi yesiko laseIndiya ebonisa ukuba ikhulelwe. Ibhendi emnyama emnyama Kuphela kuMama wethu waseGuadalupe kuba umnyama ngumbala osetyenziselwa ukumela uQuetzalcoatl, uthixo wabo wendalo. Isaphetha esimnyama sibotshelelwe kwiziporo ezine ezinjengeentyatyambo ezine-petal ezazinokufuzisela abantu bomthonyama indawo yokuhlala kaThixo kunye nohlobo lwendalo. Ke, ngebabeqonde ukuba lo mfazi-ukhulelwe "uthixo" -ukuba mkhulu kunoQuetzalcoatl. Intloko yakhe ethotyiweyo ngobunono, nangona kunjalo, ibonakalisile ukuba Lowo wayemthwele mkhulu kunaye. Yiyo loo nto ke lo mfanekiso “washumayela ivangeli” kubemi baseIndiya abathi baqonda ukuba uYesu — hayi uQuetzalcoatl — wayenguThixo owenza bonke abanye bangenanjongo. U-St. Juan kunye nabathunywa bevangeli base-Spain bangachaza ukuba iDini lakhe elinegazi yayikuphela kwento eyimfuneko…

 

IMBONAKALO YEBHAYIBHILE

Masibuyele kwakhona kwiSityhilelo 12:

Kwabonakala umqondiso omkhulu esibhakabhakeni, umfazi ambethe ilanga, inyanga ingaphantsi kweenyawo zakhe, entloko kuye isisithsaba seenkwenkwezi ezilishumi elinambini.

Xa uSt.Juan wabona uMama wethu kwiTepeyac, wanika le nkcazo:

… Iimpahla zakhe zazikhanya njengelanga, ngokungathi zikhupha amaza okukhanya, kwaye ilitye, ilitye awayemi kulo, labonakala ngathi likhupha imitha. -Nican Mopohua, uDon Antonio Valeriano (malunga no-1520-1605 AD,), n. 17-18

Umfanekiso ubonakala ngathi ubonakalisa lo mfanekiso njengemitha yokukhanya yanda ngeenxa zonke kwi-tilma.

Wayekhazimla ngokugqibelela kobuhle bakhe kwaye ubuso bakhe babonwabile njengoko babuthandeka… (Estere D: 5)

Kufunyenwe ukuba iinkwenkwezi ezikwempahla yeLady lethu zimi kakuhle kanye njengokuba bebeya kubonakala esibhakabhakeni eMexico ku Nge-12 kaDisemba, ngo-1531 ngo-10: 40 ekuseni, isibhakabhaka esingasempuma ngentla kwentloko yakhe, kunye nesibhakabhaka esingasentla ngasekunene (ngokungathi wayemi kwiikhweyitha). Ikroza Leo (ngesiLatin elithetha "ingonyama") ngele liphezulu kwincopho yalo okuthetha ukuba isibeleko kunye neentyatyambo ezine eziyimbali-embindini wendalo, indawo yokuhlala kaThixo-imi ngqo ngaphezulu kwendawo yokubona, namhlanje, iCathedral kwisiXeko saseMexico apho i-tilma ngoku ixhonywe khona. Akunakwenzeka, ngaloo mini, iimephu zeenkwenkwezi zibonisa ukuba kwakukho inyanga enyangeni esibhakabhakeni ngaloo busuku. UGqr. Robert Sungenis, owafunda ubudlelwane bethilma kunye neenkwenkwezi ngelo xesha, waqukumbela:

Njengokuba inani kunye nokubekwa kweenkwenkwezi kwi-tilma kunokuba yimveliso ngaphandle kwesandla esivela kuThixo, izixhobo ezisetyenzisiweyo ukwenza lo mfanekiso ngokoqobo azikho kweli hlabathi.  -Ukufunyanwa okutsha kweenkwenkwezi kwiTilma yoMama wethu waseGuadalupe, I-Catholic Apologetics International, ngoJulayi 26, 2006

Ukuguqulela ukusuka "kwimephu" yeenkwenkwezi kwiingubo zakhe, ngokumangalisayo, i Corona Borealis (Isithsaba seBoreal) ibekwe ngokuchanekileyo phezu kwentloko yeNtombikazi. UMongameli wethu ubekwe ngesithsaba seenkwenkwezi ngokoqobo kwipateni kwi-tilma.

Kwaphinda kwavela omnye umqondiso esibhakabhakeni; Yayiyinamba enkulu ebomvu, ineentloko ezisixhenxe neempondo ezilishumi, kwiintloko zayo izizithsaba ezisixhenxe. Umsila wayo wawususa isahlulo sesithathu seenkwenkwezi esibhakabhakeni waza waziphosa emhlabeni. Yaza inamba leyo yema phambi komfazi owayeza kuzala, ukuba imdle imgqibe umntwana wakhe. (ISityhi. 12: 3-4)

Amakroza abonisa ngakumbi, ngakumbi ubukho bokujongana nobubi:

IDraco, inamba, iScorpios, noonomadudwane, noHydra inyoka, baya emantla, emazantsi nasentshona, ngokulandelelana, benza unxantathu, okanye mhlawumbi ubathathu emnye ohlekisayo, ojikeleze umfazi macala onke, ngaphandle kwezulu. Oku kubonisa ukuba iNenekazi lethu lisemfazweni rhoqo noSathana njengoko kuchaziwe kwi-Rev 12: 1-14, kwaye mhlawumbi kungqinelana nenamba, irhamncwa, kunye nomprofeti wobuxoki (cf. ISityhi 13: 1-18). Ngapha koko, umsila weHydra, obonakala umile okwefolokhwe emfanekisweni, ungaphantsi nje kweVirgo, ngokungathi ulindele ukuqwenga uMntwana azokumzalela… —UGqr. URobert Sungenis, -Ukufunyanwa okutsha kweenkwenkwezi kwiTilma yoMama wethu waseGuadalupe, I-Catholic Apologetics International, ngoJulayi 26, 2006

 

IGAMA

UMama wethu naye wazityhila kumalume ogulayo wase-St. Juan, wamphilisa kwangoko. Wazibiza ngokuba "nguSanta Maria Tecoatlaxopeuh": Intombikazi egqibeleleyo, uMariya oyiNgcwele waseGuadalupe. Nangona kunjalo, "iGuadalupe" yiSpanish / isiArabhu. Igama lesiAztec lesiNahuatlimvuba, ”Ebizwa quatlasupe, ivakala ngokumangalisayo njengegama lesiSpanish"Guadalupe. ” UBhishophu, owayengalwazi ulwimi lwesiNahuatl, wayecinga ukuba umalume uthetha “uGuadalupe,” negama elithi “bambelela.”
Ilizwi ewe kuthetha inyoka; imvelaphi, ukuba sisibizo esiphelayo, sinokuchazwa njengo “the”; ngeli xesha leemsa kuthetha ukutyumza okanye ukugxotha. Ke abanye bacebisa ukuba uMongameli wethu angazibiza ngokuba ngulowo “utyumza inyoka,” ^[4]http://www.sancta.org/nameguad.html; cf. IGenesis 3:15 nangona oko kukutolikwa kweNtshona kamva. Ngenye indlela, igama elithi Guadalupe, elibolekwe kwiiArabhu, lithetha Wadi al Lub, okanye umjelo womlambo— ”oko kukuthi kukhokelela amanzi. ” Kungoko, iNenekazi lethu likwabonwa njengalowo ukhokelela emanzini… “amanzi aphilayo” kaKristu (Yoh 7:38). Ngokuma kwinyanga ecekecekileyo, engumqondiso we-Mayan "uthixo wobusuku", uMama osikelelweyo, kwaye ngenxa yoko loThixo amthweleyo, uboniswa enamandla ngaphezu kothixo wobumnyama. ^[5]Umfuziselo woMfanekiso, 1999 IOfisi yokuhlonipha ubomi, iDiocese yaseAustin

Ngalo lonke olu phawu lutyebileyo, izibhengezo kunye netilma zanceda ukuzisa uguquko lwesi-7-9 sezigidi zemveli kwisithuba seminyaka elishumi, ephelisa ukubingelela ngabantu apho. ^[6]Ngelishwa, ngeli xesha lokupapashwa, iSixeko saseMexico sikhethe ukubuyisela ukubingelela ngabantu ngokwenza isisu ngokusemthethweni ngo-2008. Ngelixa abagqabazi abaninzi bejonge kwiziganeko nakwinkcubeko yokufa exhaphakileyo ngexesha lokuvela kwesi sizathu sokubonakala kukaMama wethu apho, ndiyakholelwa ukuba kuninzi kakhulu kwaye i-eschatological ukubaluleka okugqitha kwinkcubeko yeAztec. Inento yokwenza nenyoka eqala ukutyibilika kubude, inkcubeko yengca yelizwe laseNtshona…

 

IVEKI EBONAKALAYO: UKUTHEMBEKA

Kunqabile ukuba uSathana azibonakalise. Endaweni, njenge-Komodo Dragon yase-Indonesia, uyazimela, elinde ixhoba lakhe ukuba lidlule, emva koko ababethe ngesihlungu sakhe esibulalayo. Xa ixhoba liye lahlulwa yityhefu yakhe, iKomodo ibuyela ukuyigqiba. Kwangokunjalo, kuphela kuxa uluntu sele lunikezele ngokupheleleyo kubuxoki obunobuthi bukaSathana kunye nenkohliso apho athi ekugqibeleni akhulise intloko yakhe, eyi ukufa. Kungoko siyaziyo ukuba inyoka izityhilile ukuba "iligqibe" ixhoba layo:

Wayesisibulala-mntu kwasekuqalekeni… ulixoki noyise wabo ubuxoki. (Yohane 8:44)

USathana utyala ubuxoki bakhe, kwaye isiqhamo soko kukufa. Kwinqanaba loluntu, iba yinkcubeko emfazweni kunye nabanye.

Ngenxa yomona uMtyholi, ukufa kweza ehlabathini: nabo ke bamlandela. (Ubulumko 2: 24-25; iDouay-Rheims)

Ngenkulungwane ye-16 i-Yurophu, kungekudala nje emva kokuba uMama wethu waseGuadalupe ebonakele, inamba ebomvu yaqala ukungenisa ubuxoki bayo obugqithisileyo kwingqondo yomntu: ukuba nathi "singafani noothixo" (Gen 3: 4-5).

Kwaphinda kwavela omnye umqondiso esibhakabhakeni; yayiyinamba enkulu ebomvu…

Iinkulungwane ezidlulileyo zazilungiselele umhlaba obu buxoki njengoko ukwahlukana eCaweni kwajongela phantsi igunya lakhe, kwaye ukusetyenziswa gwenxa kwamandla kwonakalisa ukuthembeka kwakhe. Injongo kaSathana-kukunqula endaweni kaThixo ^[7]ISityhilelo 13: 15-Iqala ngobuqili kuba, ngelo xesha, uya kuthathwa njengomnqakathi ngokungakholelwa kuThixo.

Intanda-bulumko ye ubuqhetseba waziswa yingcinga yesiNgesi u-Edward Herbert (1582-1648) apho inkolelo yoMntu oPhakamileyo yagcinwa ingagungqi, kodwa ngaphandle kweemfundiso, ngaphandle kweecawa, nangaphandle kwesityhilelo esidlangalaleni:

U-Thixo wayengoyena Mntu uphakamileyo wayila indalo yonke wayishiya kwimithetho yayo. —Fr. UFrank Chacon noJim Burnham, Ukuqala kweApologetics 4, iphe. 12

Iziqhamo zale ndlela yokucinga zibonakala kwangoko: inkqubela phambili iba luhlobo olutsha lwethemba lomntu, "ngengqiqo" kunye "nenkululeko" njengeenkwenkwezi ezikhokelayo, kunye nokuqwalaselwa kwezenzululwazi isiseko sayo. ^[8]Upopu Benedict XVI, Thetha uSalvi, n. I-17, 20 UPopu Benedict XVI uchaza inkohliso kwasekuqalekeni kwayo.

Lo mbono wenkqubo umisele umkhondo wamaxesha anamhlanje… UFrancis Bacon (1561—1626) kunye nabo balandela ubukrelekrele bengqondo yale mihla ayiphefumlelileyo babephosakele ekukholelweni ukuba umntu uya kuhlangulwa ngenzululwazi. Olo lindelo lufuna kakhulu kwisayensi; olu hlobo lwethemba luyakhohlisa. Isayensi inokuba negalelo elikhulu ekwenzeni umhlaba kunye noluntu lube ngabantu ngakumbi. Ukanti inokutshabalalisa uluntu nehlabathi ngaphandle kokuba ilawulwa yimikhosi engaphandle kwayo. —Incwadi yeNtetho, Thetha uSalvi, n. I-25

Kwaye ke le mbono intsha yavela yatshintsha, yafikelela ngakumbi kwimisebenzi yomntu. Ngelixa inyaniso yayifunwa ngokufanelekileyo, izithandi zobulumko zaqala ukuyilahla inkolo yezenkolo njengentsomi. Abakhokeli abakhokelayo baqala ukuvavanya ilizwe elibangqongileyo ngokukodwa abanokuthi bakulinganise kwaye baqinisekise ngamandla (amandla). UThixo kunye nokholo akunakulinganiswa, kwaye ke kwahoywa. Kwangelo xesha linye, nangona kunjalo, enqwenela ukugcina ubuncinci bemicu yokunxibelelana nombono wobuthixo, uBawo wamaXoki waphinda wazisa umbono wakudala wokuba ixesha: inkolelo yokuba uThixo nendalo banye. Le ngcamango isusela kubuHindu (kuyathakazelisa ukuba omnye woothixo abakhulu bamaHindu nguShiva obonakala no Inyanga ecrescent entlokweni yakhe. Igama lakhe lithetha "umtshabalalisi okanye isiguquli".)

Ngenye imini ngaphandle kwegama elimnyama, igama elithi "sophistry" langena engqondweni yam. Ndakhangela kwisichazi-magama ndafumanisa ukuba zonke ezifilosofi ezingentla, kunye nezinye ezaziswa ngeli xesha kwimbali, ziwela ngokuchanekileyo phantsi kwesi sihloko:

ubuchwephesha: impikiswano engavumelekanga ngabom ebonisa ubuchule bokuqiqa ngethemba lokukhohlisa umntu.

Ngale nto ndithetha ukuba ifilosofi elungileyo yatofwa ngobuchwephesha- "ubulumko" bomntu, obukhokelela kude kuThixo, kunokuba kuye. Le nkqubo kaSathana ekugqibeleni yafikelela kubunzima obubizwa ngokuba "kukuKhanya." Yayiyintshukumo yobukrelekrele eyaqala eFrance yaza yatshayela kulo lonke elaseYurophu ngenkulungwane ye-18, iguqula kakhulu uluntu kwaye, ekugqibeleni, lihlabathi langoku.

Ukhanyiso lwaluyinkqubela epheleleyo, ehlelwe kakuhle, kwaye ekhokelwa ngokukhawuleza ekupheliseni ubuKristu kuluntu lwanamhlanje. Iqale nge-Deism njengenkolelo yayo yonqulo, kodwa ekugqibeleni yalahla yonke imibono egqithileyo kaThixo. Ekugqibeleni yaba yinkolo “yenkqubela phambili yomntu” kwaye yena “uthixokazi wengqiqo.” -UFr. UFrank Chacon noJim Burnham, Ukuqala kweApologetics Umqulu 4: Indlela yokuphendula abantu abangakholelwayo kuThixo kunye naBadala, iphepha 16

Oku kwahlulwa phakathi kokholo nengqiqo kwavelisa “iinkolelo” ezintsha. Inqaku:

Inzululwazi: abaxhasi bayala ukwamkela nantoni na engenakujongwa, ukulinganiswa, okanye ukulingwa.
Ukuhlengahlengiswa: inkolelo yokuba iinyani kuphela esinokuzazi ngokuqinisekileyo ziyafumaneka ngesizathu sodwa.
Ukuthanda izinto eziphathekayoInkolelo yokuba ekuphela kwenyani yendalo iphela.
IndalekoInkolelo yokuba ikhonkco lokuzivelela kwezinto linokuchazwa ngokupheleleyo ziinkqubo zebhayoloji, ngaphandle kwesidingo sikaThixo okanye sikaThixo njengonobangela.
UncedoIingcinga zokuba izenzo ziyagwetyelwa ukuba ziluncedo okanye isibonelelo kuninzi.
Ingqondoutyekelo lokutolika imicimbi ngokweemeko ezithile, okanye ukubaxa izinto ngokubaluleka kwemeko yengqondo. ^[9]USigmund Freud wayenguyise wale nguqulelo yengqondo / yengqondo, ekwabizwa ngokuba yiFreudianism. Wayeyaziwa ukuba uthe, "Unqulo aluyonto ngaphandle kokunyanzelisa i-neurosis." (UKarl Stern, Uvukelo lwesiThathu, iphe. 119)
UThixoInkolelo okanye inkolelo yokuba uThixo akakho.

Ezi nkolelo zafikelela kuvukelo lweFrance (1789-1799). Uqhawulo mtshato phakathi kokholo kunye nesizathu saqhubela phambili saba ngumtshato phakathi YeCawa kwaye imeko. “Isibhengezo Samalungelo Abantu” sachazwa njengesandulela somgaqo-siseko waseFransi. UbuKatolika baphela ukuba yinkolo karhulumente; ^[10]Isibhengezo samaLungelo sikhankanya kwintshayelelo yaso ukuba senziwa phambi nangaphantsi kolawulo loPhezulu, kodwa kumanqaku amathathu acetywayo ngabefundisi, aqinisekisa intlonipho ngenxa yenkolo kunye nonqulo lwasesidlangalaleni, amabini akhatywa emva iintetho zomProtestanti, uRabaut Saint-Etienne, noMirabeau, ekuphela kwenqaku elimalunga nenkolo zathi: . ” —Catholic kwi-Intanethi, I-Catholic Encyclopedia, http://www.catholic.org/encyclopedia/view.php?id=4874 amalungelo abantu waba yicredo entsha, ebeka inqanaba lamagunya angaba- hayi umthetho kaThixo wendalo kunye nokuziphatha, kunye namalungelo okuzalwa angenakufunyanwa azalwe kuwo-ukumisela Ngubani ifumana loo malungelo, okanye ngubani ongayi. Iinyikima zeenkulungwane ezimbini ezidlulileyo zithathe inyikima yasemoyeni, isusa itsunami yotshintsho kwezokuziphatha kuba iya kuba nguRhulumente, hayi iCawe, eya kuthi ikhokele ikamva loluntu-okanye iphukelwe yinqanawa ...

 

Isahluko sesixhenxe siqhubeka sichaza indlela iNenekazi lethu eliqhubeke ngayo ukubonakala kanye njengokuba inamba yenzayo malunga nexesha elifanayo kwiinkulungwane ezine ezizayo, ukudala "eyona mbambano inkulu yembali" umntu athe wagqitha kuyo. Emva koko izahluko ezilandelayo zichaza indlela esiyiyo ngoku, kumazwi awasikeleleyo kaJohn Paul II, 'sijamelene nongquzulwano lokugqibela phakathi kweCawa kunye nabachasene necawa, iVangeli kunye nxamnye nevangeli. " Ukuba ungathanda uku-odola le ncwadi, iyafumaneka nge: :

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